Considering the high incidence of cancer, outcomes of cancer care are of key importance. Over the last 10–15 years, the Czech cancer care has made a significant progress in terms of gradually increasing survival of cancer patients and decreasing mortality rates. In most cancer types, the Czech Republic has achieved markedly better outcomes than other Eastern bloc countries, getting closer to the European average, as confirmed by the EUROCARE-5 study1 and the CONCORD-2 study2, as well as by the annual comparison of healthcare systems in OECD and EU countries3. In some cases, such as colorectal cancer, the Czech Republic has seen by far the biggest drop in mortality in a decade when compared to other European countries.
In spite of these positive findings, several challenges for the Czech cancer care have been identified: promotion of prevention and healthy lifestyle (preventive examinations, smoking cessation, reduction of obesity and other risk factors), availability of new drug treatments, or strengthening the feedback mechanisms to promote best practices in cancer diagnosis and treatment among providers.