Klin Onkol 2005; 18(5): 178-183.
Summary: Over the last decade, new strategies for induction of tumor specific immunity using dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigens have emerged. Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that have the unique capability of activating CD4+ and CD8+ naive T lymphocytes and thus participate in the induction of primary immune response in vitro and in vivo. It was shown that DCs transfected with ribonucleic acid (RNA) coding for a tumour-associated antigen or whole tumour RNA are able to induce T-cell responses in various tumor tissues. Several approaches have proved to be successful and safe enough to lead to the initiation of clinical phase 1/2 trials. This review compares various forms of antigens that can be transferred into dendritic cells. Furthermore, it focuses on different methods of RNA transfection intended for the preparation of anticancer vaccines and notices some recent results of clinic studies.
